String Manipulation in Python

text = "Python Programming"

# capitalize() - Converts first character to upper case
print(text.capitalize())    # "Python programming"

# casefold() - More aggressive lower() for case-insensitive matching
print(text.casefold())     # "python programming"

# lower() - Converts string to lower case
print(text.lower())        # "python programming"

# upper() - Converts string to upper case
print(text.upper())        # "PYTHON PROGRAMMING"

# swapcase() - Swaps cases of all characters
print(text.swapcase())     # "pYTHON pROGRAMMING"

# title() - Converts first character of each word to upper case
print(text.title())        # "Python Programming"

text = "Python"

# center() - Returns centered string with specified width
print(text.center(10, '*'))    # "**Python**"

# ljust() - Left-aligns string with specified width
print(text.ljust(10, '-'))     # "Python----"

# rjust() - Right-aligns string with specified width
print(text.rjust(10, '-'))     # "----Python"

# zfill() - Fills string with zeros from left
print(text.zfill(8))           # "00Python"

text = "Python Programming Python"

# count() - Returns number of occurrences of substring
print(text.count('Python'))    # 2

# find() - Returns lowest index of substring (-1 if not found)
print(text.find('Python'))     # 0

# rfind() - Returns highest index of substring (-1 if not found)
print(text.rfind('Python'))    # 18

# index() - Like find() but raises ValueError if not found
print(text.index('Python'))    # 0

# rindex() - Like rfind() but raises ValueError if not found
print(text.rindex('Python'))   # 18

# replace() - Replaces substring with another string
print(text.replace('Python', 'Java'))  # "Java Programming Java"

# isalnum() - Returns True if all characters are alphanumeric
print("Python3".isalnum())     # True

# isalpha() - Returns True if all characters are alphabetic
print("Python".isalpha())      # True

# isascii() - Returns True if all characters are ASCII
print("Python!".isascii())     # True

# isdecimal() - Returns True if all characters are decimals
print("123".isdecimal())       # True

# isdigit() - Returns True if all characters are digits
print("123".isdigit())         # True

# isidentifier() - Returns True if string is valid identifier
print("Python_3".isidentifier()) # True

# islower() - Returns True if all characters are lower case
print("python".islower())      # True

# isnumeric() - Returns True if all characters are numeric
print("123".isnumeric())       # True

# isprintable() - Returns True if all characters are printable
print("Python\n".isprintable()) # False

# isspace() - Returns True if all characters are whitespaces
print("   ".isspace())         # True

# istitle() - Returns True if string follows title rules
print("Python Programming".istitle()) # True

# isupper() - Returns True if all characters are upper case
print("PYTHON".isupper())      # True

# split() - Splits string at specified separator
text = "Python,Java,C++"
print(text.split(','))         # ['Python', 'Java', 'C++']

# rsplit() - Splits string from right
print(text.rsplit(',', 1))     # ['Python,Java', 'C++']

# splitlines() - Splits string at line boundaries
text = "Line 1\nLine 2"
print(text.splitlines())       # ['Line 1', 'Line 2']

# join() - Joins iterable elements with string as separator
words = ['Python', 'is', 'awesome']
print(' '.join(words))         # "Python is awesome"

# partition() - Returns tuple of three parts
text = "Python:Programming"
print(text.partition(':'))     # ('Python', ':', 'Programming')

# rpartition() - Like partition() but from right
print(text.rpartition(':'))    # ('Python', ':', 'Programming')

text = "   Python   "

# strip() - Removes leading and trailing whitespace
print(text.strip())            # "Python"

# lstrip() - Removes leading whitespace
print(text.lstrip())           # "Python   "

# rstrip() - Removes trailing whitespace
print(text.rstrip())           # "   Python"

# encode() - Returns encoded version of string
text = "Python"
print(text.encode('utf-8'))    # b'Python'

# maketrans() & translate() - Create and apply translation table
trans = str.maketrans('aeiou', '12345')
text = "Python"
print(text.translate(trans))   # "Pyth4n"

# format() - Formats specified values in string
print("{} {}".format('Hello', 'World'))  # "Hello World"

# format_map() - Formats using dictionary
data = {'name': 'Python', 'version': '3.9'}
print("{name} {version}".format_map(data))  # "Python 3.9"

# expandtabs() - Sets tab size of string
text = "Python\tProgramming"
print(text.expandtabs(4))      # "Python    Programming"